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Sir Creek is a 96 km (60 mi) tidal estuary on the border of India and Pakistan. The creek, which opens up into the Arabian Sea, divides the Gujarat state of India from the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is located at approximately . The long-standing dispute hinges in the actual demarcation "from the mouth of Sir Creek to the top of Sir Creek, and from the top of Sir Creek eastward to a point on the line designated on the Western Terminus".〔http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/sir-creek----------boundary/1/237992.html〕〔http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-pakistan-security-experts-declare-sir-creek-dispute-technically-resolved-1885667〕 From this point onwards, the boundary is unambiguously fixed as defined by the Tribunal Award of 1968.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=The Tribune, Chandigarh )〕 The creek itself is located in uninhabited marshland. During the monsoon season between June and September, the creek floods its banks and envelops the low-lying salty mudflats around it. During the winter season, the area is home to flamingoes and other migratory birds. ==Dispute== The dispute lies in the interpretation of the maritime boundary line between Pakistan and India. Before independence, the area was part of Sind Province of British India. After independence in 1947, Sindh became a part of Pakistan while Gujarat remained a part of India. Pakistan lays claim to the entire creek as per ''paragraphs 9 and 10'' of the ''Sind Government Resolution of 1914''〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=Embassy of India )〕 signed between the then Government of Sindh and Rao Maharaj of Kutch.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=The muslim )〕 The resolution, which demarcated the boundaries between the one territories, included the creek as part of Sindh, thus setting the boundary as the eastern flank of the creek. India sticks to its position that the boundary lies mid-channel as depicted in another map drawn in 1925, and implemented by the installation of mid-channel pillars back in 1924.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=Islamabad Policy Research Institute )〕 India supports its stance by citing the thalweg doctrine in international law. The law states that river boundaries between two states may be, if the two states agree, divided by the mid-channel. Though Pakistan does not dispute the 1925 map, it maintains that the doctrine is not applicable in this case as it most commonly applies to non-tidal rivers, and Sir Creek is a tidal estuary. India rejects the Pakistani stance by maintaining the fact that the creek is navigable at high tide and that the thalweg principle is used for some international boundaries in tidal waters, and that fishing trawlers use Sir Creek to go out to sea. Another point of concern for Pakistan is that Sir Creek has changed its course considerably over the years. If the boundary line is demarcated according to the thalweg principle applied to the current channel, Pakistan and India would both lose small amounts of wetlands territory that was historically part of their provinces. More significantly, acceding to India's stance would result in the shifting of the land/sea terminus point several kilometres to the detriment of Pakistan, leading in turn to a loss of several thousand square kilometres of its Exclusive Economic Zone under the United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea. Since 1969, there have been twelve rounds of talks between the two nations, without a breakthrough. The twelfth round was completed in June 2012. Steps to resolve the dispute include: allocation, delimitation, demarcation, administration. Since neither side has conceded ground, India has proposed that the maritime boundary could be demarcated first, as per the provisions of Technical Aspects of Law of Sea (TALOS).〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=The Hindu )〕 However, Pakistan has staunchly refused the proposal on the grounds that the dispute should be resolved first. Pakistan has also proposed that the two sides go in for international arbitration, which India has flatly refused. India maintains that all bilateral disputes should be resolved without the intervention of third parties. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sir Creek」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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